Video and Sound Production — Project 2
27/04/2023- 12/06/2023 Week 4-Week 11
Video and Sound Production / Bachelor of Creative Media / Taylor's University
LECTURES
Framing & Storyboard
Earliest Cinema
Cinema technique is all about manipulating shots and sequence that isolating part of it to look at and in what order to see them.
Cinematography
1) Motion picture/ Film/ Video is made up of many shots which require placing the camera in the best position for that particular moment in the narrative.
2) Shot is continuous view shot by one camera without interruption.
3) Sequence is a series of scenes, or shots, complete in itself.
4) Scene defines the place of setting where the action is laid and may consist of series of shots or sequences depicting a continuous event.
Shot Size
The shot size determines how large the area that's visible within the frame.
1) Extreme Wide Shot- Shows broad view of the surroundings around the character (scale, distance, and geographical location). Used to show where character is in his/her environment.
2) Wide Shot- Includes the entire subject and important objects in the immediate surroundings. If used at the beginning of a scene, it is often called an "establishing shot".
3) Medium Wide Shot- Shows a character usually cut off across the legs above or below the knees. Wide enough to show the physical setting in which the action is taking place.
4) Medium Shot- Shows the subject that are important to understanding such as gesture and expression. Usually from the person's waist up, letting their hands and the lower half of their body fall outside the frame.
5) Medium close-up shot- Films subject character from approximately midway between waist and shoulders to above the head.
6) Close-up shot- Used to isolate the most important part of the subject. Usually the head to emphasize facial expression, or the details of a small object
7) Over the shoulder shot- Shows the subject from behind the shoulder of another person.
8) Extreme close-up shot- Single out a portion of the face and magnifies a detail. The objective is to focus on important details either to increase the drama or impact on a situation. It also allows the viewer to see the information of the picture more clearly.
Composition
1) Rule of thirds- divides the frame into thirds both horizontally and vertically. The points where the vertical and horizontal lines cross are aesthetically pleasing spots to place subjects or to have perspective lines converge.
2) Face modelling- Best when subject is turned 45 degrees (3/4 angling) to the camera
3) 3D solidity- Angling the camera in relation to the subject so that two sides of the objects are viewed, results in the most effective rendition.
4) Distance- Angle the camera so that parallel lines diminish and converge preferably towards the right. To ensure that viewer's eyes are carried in distance.
Subject Height
1) Eye-level angle- From the eye level of an observer of average height or from the subject's eye level.
2) Low angle shot- Any shot in which the camera is tilted upward to view the subject. Can make the character look bigger, stronger, or more noble. It also gives the impression of height.
3) High angle shot- Any shot in which the camera is tilted downward to view the subject. Can make a character look smaller, younger, weak, confused or more childlike.
Screen Direction
1) Dynamic Screen Direction- Constant screen travel depicts subject motion in one direction only. A series of shots of a subject should move in the same direction to show progression.
2) Static Screen Direction: When planning shots with two characters, you need to understand the camera movement in relation to the 180 degrees rule. The rule enforces the camera stay on a horizontal axis and not cross sections, also known as Line of Action.
Storytelling in Film
Storytelling in Film
1) Story (What happened): The set of all the events in cause-effect relationship occurring in time and space, both the ones explicitly presented and those the viewer infers, constitutes the story.
2) Plot (Why they happened? And how?): Everything visibly and audibly present in the film, and material that os extraneous to the story world.
Story structure
3-Act Structure
1) Beginning: Setup / Introduction of a story
To introduce the world
To introduce the main characters
To establish the dramatic situation
Leads to an incident that complicates the story (Plot point 1)
2) Plot Point 1: "plot thickens"
"Inciting incident"
Turn the story in a new direction
Steps up what Act Two is going to be
3) Middle: Confrontation of a problem
"Rising Action"
To develop obstacles / complications
Leads to climax of story (Plot Point 2)
4) Plot Point 2: "longest mile"
"Climatic Turning Point"
Protagonist's quest reaches critical mass
Possible solution is presented
Biggest cliffhanger: will the protagonist win or lose?
5) End: Resolution of problems
Ending of climax
Answer to all obstacles / problems
Tying loose ends
Mise En Scene
"Putting on Stage"
Refers to what we see onscreen, its visuals, meaning and all of the elements that appear on camera and their arrangement
1) Composition
2) Set Design:
Refers to everything the audience see within a particular scene.
Help to build out the world of the location and add even more context to the story.
3) Lighting
Often the tool that conveys mood most clearly.
High-key lighting: used in musicals and romantic comedies to minimise shadows
Low-key lighting: used in horror movies
4) Costume and Props
Costume: one of the most useful tools in communicating a characters's thought and journey
Props: An object with a function serves to drive the narrative or become a motif to underscore the themes of the film
5) Depth of Space
Determined by the distances between objects, people and scenery, influenced by their placement along with camera location and lens choice
INSTRUCTIONS
Project 2A: Production Shoot
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